Awọn atẹwe ti a ṣe atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ: Awọn anfani ati awọn aropin fun ọdọ awọn oniwadi India

Ile-iṣẹ atẹjade imọ-jinlẹ n gba awọn iyipada iyara, ati awọn ifọwọsi to lagbara fun Wiwọle Ṣii silẹ (OA) ti n ṣe atunto ilolupo ilolupo ti o faramọ. Lakoko ti awọn olutẹjade diẹ sii ati siwaju sii ṣii akoonu wọn si awọn oluka, awọn idiyele ti yipada si awọn oniwadi. Ni lọwọlọwọ, agbegbe imọ-jinlẹ India ati ọpọlọpọ awọn oniwadi miiran ni kariaye nigbagbogbo n tiraka lati ni aabo awọn owo to wulo lati ṣe atẹjade.

Ṣiṣayẹwo awọn ojutu imọ-ẹrọ lati ṣe imudojuiwọn titẹjade imọ-jinlẹ ti ni olokiki. Awọn ipilẹṣẹ bii ẹlẹgbẹ-àyẹwò preprints ti wa ni nini ipa. Bibẹẹkọ, awọn ibeere ti o yika iwulo awọn amayederun wọnyi, awọn anfani, ati awọn itọsi fun igbelewọn iwadii ati awọn igbega tun nilo lati koju. Iṣatunṣe awọn awoṣe tuntun wọnyi nipasẹ awọn ile-iṣẹ igbeowosile ati awọn ile-iṣẹ yoo ṣe ipa pataki ninu isọdọmọ wọn.

Awọn deede ti Preprints

Drury, L. 2022. Awọn normalization ti preprints. International Science Council, Paris. France.

Laibikita olokiki ti ndagba ti awọn atẹjade tẹlẹ, awọn oṣuwọn isọdọmọ yatọ jakejado jakejado awọn agbegbe oriṣiriṣi. A laipe iwadi ti o da lori iwadi kan tọkasi pe awọn oniwadi lati AMẸRIKA ati Yuroopu jẹ faramọ pẹlu ati ni awọn oṣuwọn isọdọmọ iṣaaju ti o ga ju awọn ti Ilu China ati iyoku agbaye lọ.

Lati ṣe ayẹwo awọn iriri ati awọn ihuwasi ti awọn oniwadi Ilu India si awọn atẹjade iṣaaju, INYAS ṣe ifilọlẹ iwadii kan ati ṣeto idanileko kan ni Oṣu Karun ọdun 2023.

Lilo Awọn iwe-iṣaaju ati Atunwo Ẹlẹgbẹ Preprint lati Yi Iyipada Itusilẹ Iwewewe

Wo gbigbasilẹ ti igba

Ninu iwe-ẹkọ pataki kan, Ludo Waltman, Ojogbon ati Igbakeji Oludari ti Ile-išẹ fun Imọ-ẹrọ ati Imọ-ẹrọ (CWTS) ni Ile-ẹkọ giga Leiden, gbekalẹ iṣeduro kan ti eto akọọlẹ ti o da lori ṣiṣe alabapin ti o wa tẹlẹ, ti o ṣe afihan awọn idiyele giga rẹ, aini ti akoyawo, aiṣedeede, ó sì ṣe àlàyé lórí àwọn ìpèníjà mẹ́rin tí ètò ìtẹ̀jáde àwọn ọ̀mọ̀wé dojúkọ:

Aini ti ìmọ
Awọn idaduro ati awọn ailagbara
Awọn idiyele ti o pọju ati awọn aidogba
Awọn iwuri iṣoro

O ṣeduro fun ọna ṣiṣeeṣe diẹ sii ati alagbero nipasẹ iraye si ṣiṣi, ti n ṣalaye pe titẹjade tẹlẹ ati titẹjade tẹlẹ ṣafihan yiyan-daradara iye owo diẹ sii si eto ti nmulẹ:

Ninu titẹjade iwe-ẹkọ, awọn oniwadi le lo olupin atẹjade lati pin awọn nkan wọn ṣaaju fifiranṣẹ wọn si iwe akọọlẹ kan. Ọna itankale ni kutukutu yii ṣe iranlọwọ gbigba awọn esi ati awọn atunwo, imudara didara iṣẹ naa ṣaaju ki o to gbejade ni deede. Ọna yii ṣe pataki ni pataki si ipo iṣoro iwọle ṣiṣi, nitori awọn ẹya alakoko ti awọn nkan naa wa ni iraye si larọwọto, imukuro eyikeyi iraye si idena, botilẹjẹpe kii ṣe gbogbo awọn iwe iroyin wa ni ṣiṣi si iṣe naa.

Lọ́wọ́lọ́wọ́, àwọn ohun ìmúrasílẹ̀ títẹ̀wé tí ó jẹ́ kí pípínpín àwọn atẹ̀wé títẹ̀wé rọrùn àti gba àwọn àyẹ̀wò ojúgbà láyè. Ko dabi awọn atunyẹwo iwe akọọlẹ ti aṣa, awọn igbelewọn wọnyi ko tẹle ọna alakomeji ti gbigba taara tabi ijusile. Dipo, ilana igbelewọn jẹ igbelewọn nuanced diẹ sii ti o ni ironu ṣe akiyesi awọn agbara ati ailagbara ti iṣẹ naa. Ni pataki, esi yii han gbangba ati pe o wa ni gbangba.

Awoṣe yii le rọpo eto ti o wa tẹlẹ, nibiti idanimọ jẹ pataki julọ lati awọn nkan ti a tẹjade ninu awọn iwe iroyin ti ẹkọ. Wiwa iwaju, awọn atẹjade, pẹlu awọn igbelewọn wọn, le di awọn ọna akọkọ fun awọn oniwadi lati gba ifọwọsi fun iṣẹ wọn.

Iwe akọọlẹ naa eLife ti ṣe imuse eto atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ ṣiṣi ati ilana ṣiṣe ipinnu ti o lọ kọja yiyan alakomeji. Abojuto bawo ni agbegbe awọn ọmọ ile-iwe ṣe dahun ati ni ibamu si awọn iyipada wọnyi yoo jẹ iyanilẹnu.

Awọn ayipada aṣa ni a nilo fun isọdọmọ ni ibigbogbo ti titẹ-tẹlẹ, lati ṣe agbero awọn amayederun pataki ati awọn ipilẹṣẹ eto imulo ti o nifẹ si awọn atẹjade tẹlẹ.

Asiwaju aṣa iyipada si Open Access

Ọnà kan lati ṣe agbero iyipada si awọn iṣe ṣiṣi diẹ sii ni imọ-jinlẹ, gẹgẹ bi titẹjade iṣaaju, jẹ nipasẹ awoṣe jibiti, ti Brian Nosek ti ṣafihan, agbawi oludari ti imọ-jinlẹ ṣiṣi.

Igbesẹ akọkọ jẹ idasile awọn amayederun ti a beere lati ṣe atilẹyin awọn atẹjade atẹjade tẹlẹ. Ilọsiwaju to dara wa ni iwaju yii, pẹlu awọn iṣẹ bii arXiv, bioRxiv, Ati chemRxiv larọwọto wa fun awọn oniwadi agbaye. Awọn iru ẹrọ wọnyi ti ni aṣeyọri ni idiyele ni gbigba awọn oniwadi laaye lati pin iṣẹ wọn. Sibẹsibẹ, pese awọn amayederun ko to.

Igbesẹ ti o tẹle ni lati jẹ ki o rọrun fun awọn oniwadi lati ni ipa ninu awọn iṣe ṣiṣi. Awọn ọgbọn wo ni a le gba lati yi lọ si ọna ti aarin-tẹlẹ ni awọn ilana atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ? eLife, Atunwo Commons, Ati Agbegbe ẹlẹgbẹ jẹ apẹẹrẹ ti awọn iru ẹrọ ti n ṣe irọrun titẹ-tẹlẹ ti iṣẹ awọn oniwadi ati adehun igbeyawo ni awọn atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ. Igbiyanju yii ṣe dandan igbiyanju lilọsiwaju ati imotuntun, ṣugbọn o ṣe pataki lati ṣe ilosiwaju ronu iṣaaju.

Bibẹẹkọ, awọn oniwadi gbọdọ jẹ idanimọ fun awọn akitiyan wọn ni ikopa ninu titẹ-tẹlẹ ati atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ ṣiṣi. Iṣọkan fun Ilọsiwaju Igbelewọn Iwadi (COARA) ati Gbero S ti sọ awọn adehun si ọna imudara idanimọ ti atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ ati awọn idagbasoke ti agbegbe.

Waltman tun gba awọn olukopa idanileko niyanju lati ṣe alabapin si ilọsiwaju awọn idagbasoke wọnyi:

1 Ise Tẹjade gbogbo awọn iwe rẹ

2 Ise Ṣe atẹjade awọn atunwo rẹ

3 Ise Ṣe atilẹyin awọn ipilẹṣẹ atunyẹwo iṣaaju

4 Ise Beere fun idanimọ

Ṣiṣayẹwo awọn ọna ni titẹjade imọ-jinlẹ: awọn ijiroro ati awọn imọran lati ọdọ awọn ọmọ ẹgbẹ INYAS

Awọn ijiroro inu ẹgbẹ ti o tẹle mu awọn akiyesi lọpọlọpọ lori awọn italaya ati awọn aye ninu eto titẹjade lọwọlọwọ:

Atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ ṣiṣi le jẹ anfani, ni pataki nigbati awọn akoonu ti awọn ijabọ oluyẹwo ba jẹ gbangba lakoko ti o bọwọ fun aṣiri awọn idamọ awọn oluyẹwo nitori ilodisi anfani ti o pọju. Ọna yii ṣe iranlọwọ kaakiri iṣẹ ṣiṣe atunwo ati gba awọn amoye laaye lati ṣe atunyẹwo awọn iwe laarin awọn agbegbe kan pato ti imọran.

Iṣe ti ikede titẹjade jẹ koko-ọrọ-pataki: ni fisiksi ati mathimatiki, o jẹ aṣa lati ṣe atẹjade awọn atẹjade tẹlẹ lati pe awọn asọye ati awọn imọran, ṣugbọn ni awọn agbegbe ti a lo bii iṣẹ-ogbin, biomedical, tabi awọn agbegbe ipilẹ miiran bii kemistri ati isedale, pinpin awọn atẹjade tẹlẹ ti wa ni ti ri bi eewu nitori o pọju scooping.

A ko ṣe akiyesi awọn atẹjade fun awọn igbega, igbeowosile, ati igbelewọn. Bibẹẹkọ, awọn atẹjade iṣaju ṣe agbejade iṣelọpọ ni awọn ipo nitori eyi jẹ agbedemeji itankale alaye ni iyara laarin awọn ẹlẹgbẹ.

Ni akoko kanna, awọn iwe ti o wa tẹlẹ ni agbegbe gbogbo eniyan le koju awọn italaya ni gbigba gbigba ninu iwe akọọlẹ kan. Awọn iwe iroyin ti o nṣiṣẹ lori awọn awoṣe ṣiṣe alabapin le ni awọn ifiṣura lile nipa titẹjade iṣẹ ti a ti tẹ tẹlẹ.

Ìwà tí kò tọ́ nípa àtúnyẹ̀wò tún gbọ́dọ̀ gbé yẹ̀ wò, níwọ̀n bí ẹnikẹ́ni ṣe lè fi àwọn ọ̀rọ̀ líle tàbí ojúsàájú ránṣẹ́, èyí tí ó lè nípa lórí ẹ̀mí àti ìtara ọ̀pọ̀lọpọ̀ àwọn olùṣèwádìí iṣẹ́-òjíṣẹ́.

Awọn aba lati gbajugbaja awọn iṣẹ atẹwe tẹlẹ pẹlu ikojọpọ awọn atẹjade iṣaaju nikan nigbati iwe afọwọkọ ba ti ṣetan fun titẹjade ati igbega imọran ti awọn iwe iroyin agbekọja. A gbọdọ ṣe iwuri fun awọn oniwadi ọdọ lati gba awọn ọna atẹjade imotuntun ati idagbasoke awọn ifowosowopo pẹlu awọn ọjọgbọn agbaye lati ṣe awọn eto atẹjade tuntun.

Ni ipo ti India, Igbimọ Grant University tuntun (UGC) awọn itọsona gba awọn iwe-iṣaaju lati gbero fun fifun awọn iwọn dokita. Awọn eto imulo ti o wa tẹlẹ ti n ṣakoso eto atẹjade nilo lati tunwo, ṣiṣe iṣiro idiyele ti Wiwọle Ṣii silẹ, ati awọn atẹwe-ṣayẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ, eyiti o jẹ ki itankale gbooro ti awọn awari iwadii lakoko mimu atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ lile duro.

Iyipada si ọna itọsi diẹ sii ati awoṣe ti o han gbangba le ṣe igbelaruge iraye si ati mu ilọsiwaju ti imọ-jinlẹ pọ si, ṣugbọn a nilo lati koju awọn italaya ti ikẹkọ gbogbo eniyan ati awọn oniwadi nipa awọn aropin ti awọn atẹjade tẹlẹ.

Ipo lọwọlọwọ ti awọn atẹjade iṣaaju nipasẹ awọn oniwadi India

Sridhar Gutam tan imọlẹ lori ipo lọwọlọwọ ti atẹjade atẹjade ni India, nfunni awọn oye si idi ti o fi wa lẹhin awọn iṣedede agbaye ati ni iyanju awọn iwọn agbara lati tii aafo yii.

Ninu awọn atẹjade 931,779 ti a ṣejade ni kariaye, 775 nikan ni o ni ibatan pẹlu awọn oniwadi India. Ilọkuro kekere ti lilo iṣaaju le ja lati awọn aṣa atọwọdọwọ ti iṣaju iṣaju awọn atẹjade iwe-akọọlẹ atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ, awọn ifiyesi nipa ilọsiwaju iṣẹ ati igbelewọn, awọn ọran ohun-ini ọgbọn ti o pọju, akiyesi opin ti awọn olupin iṣaaju, ati yiyan fun atunyẹwo ẹlẹgbẹ ṣaaju pinpin gbogbo eniyan.

Orile-ede India nilo lati fi ifinufindo ati awọn akitiyan ajumọṣe pọ si lilo awọn iwe atẹjade ti o ba fẹ lati mu ilọsiwaju rẹ pọ si ni pataki si iṣipopada imọ-jinlẹ agbaye ati idagbasoke isọdọtun ni iwadii imọ-jinlẹ.

Aditya Sadhanala (Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore); Akshai K A Seetharam (Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati); Ankur Gupta (Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur); Aravind K Rengan (Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad); Arnab Datta (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay); Atul Dixit (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Budhaditya Mukherjee (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur); Chirashree Roychowdhuri (Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology, Shibpur); Dibyendu Chatterjee (ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack); Dwijendra Pandey (Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee); Jai Prakash (Aligarh Muslim University); Kalpana Nagpal (Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Noida); Kiran Bala (Indian Institute of Technology Indore); Kirtimaan Syal (BITS Pilani, Hyderabad); Malay Bhattacharyya (Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata); Manik Banik (S N Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences, Kolkata); Mauricio Contreras (The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich); Meher Wan (CSIR – National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research), Moumita Koley (DST- Centre for Policy Research, IISc, Bangalore); Moumita Samanta (Sanofi),; Muthamilarasan M (University of Hyderabad); Neeldhara Misra (Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar); Neha Sardana (Indian Institute of Technology Ropar); Nitin Sharma (CSIR- National Geophysical Research Institute); Nishant Chakravorty (Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur); Pranjal Chandra (Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi) Priyanka Bajaj (National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hyderabad); Rajib Deb (ICAR-National Research Centre on Pig, Guwahati), Raju Mukherjee (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Tirupati); Rajendra S Dhaka (Indian Institute of Technology Delhi); Rakesh K Pilania (Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research Centre, Chandigarh); Ramendra Sundar Dey (Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali); Rishemjit Kaur (CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation); Rohit Ranjan Shahi (Central University of South Bihar, Gaya); Rong Li (Centre for Science and Technology Studies, Leiden University); Sai Santosh K Raavi (Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad); Sanket Goel (BITS Pilani, Hyderabad), Santanu Mukherjee (Shoolini University); Shamin Padalkar (Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai); Shib Sankar Ganguli (CSIR- National Geophysical Research Institute); Shobhna Kapoor (Indian Institute of Technology Bombay); Shweta Yadav (Central University of Jammu); Sonu Gandhi (National Institute of Animal Biotechnology Hyderabad); Sriparna Chatterjee (CSIR- Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology); Sudhanshu Shekhar Singh (Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur); Sufyan Ashhad (National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore); Veda Krishnan (ICAR-Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi); Vikas Jain (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal); Vinayak Kamble (Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram).