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LIRA 2030 resources

After six years, the knowledge and data generated through the LIRA projects is extensive, and they are not only of academic interest, but also of significance for local communities and policy-makers. All themes dealt with by LIRA projects are central to the 2030 Agenda.

Browse all LIRA 2030 resources below.

Key publications

  1. LIRA 2030: Key achievements and learnings, 2022
  2. LIRA 2030: Learning from Practising Transdisciplinary Research for Sustainable Development in African Cities, 2022
  3. Localizing the SDGs in African Cities, 2022
  4. LIRA: Advancing the 2030 Agenda in African cities through knowledge co-production, 2020

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Published articles that involve LIRA 2030 researchers

Below is the list of articles that have been published to date with the contribution of LIRA researchers.

  1. Ablo, A. D. and Etale, A. 2022. Beyond technical: delineating factors influencing recycled water acceptability. Urban Water Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2155847  
  2. Ambole, A. 2020. Embedding design in transdisciplinary research: perspectives from urban Africa. Design Issues, Vol. 36, No. 2, pp. 28–40. https://doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00588 
  3. Ambole, A., Koranteng, K., Njoroge, P. and Luhangala, D. L. 2021. A review of energy communities in sub-Saharan Africa as a transition pathway to energy democracy. Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042128 
  4. Ambole, A., Musango, J. K., Buyana, K., Ogot, M., Anditi, C., Mwau, B., Kovacic, Z., Smit, S., Lwasa, S., Nsangi, G., Sseviiri, H. and Brent, A. C. 2019. Mediating household energy transitions through co-design in urban Kenya, Uganda and South Africa. Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 55, pp. 208–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.009 
  5. Antwi-Agyei, P., Dwumfour-Asare, B., Adjei, K. A., Kweyu, R. and Simiyu, S. 2020. Understanding the barriers and opportunities for effective management of shared sanitation in low-income settlements – the case of Kumasi, Ghana. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, No. 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124528    
  6. Antwi-Agyei, P., Monney, I., Adjei, K. A., Kweyu, R. and Simiyu, S. 2022. Shared but clean household toilets: what makes this possible? Evidence from Ghana and Kenya. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 19, No. 7. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074271  
  7. Bloem, S., Swilling, M. and Koranteng, K. 2021. Taking energy democracy to the streets: socio-technical learning, institutional dynamism, and integration in South African community energy projects. Energy Research & Social Science, Vol. 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2020.101906 
  8. Buyana, K. 2019. Keeping the doors open: experimenting science–policy–practice interfaces in Africa for sustainable urban development. Journal of Housing and the Built Environment, Vol. 35, pp. 539–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10901-019-09699-3 
  9. Buyana, K. 2021. Do global pandemics disrupt or seed transformations in cities? A systematic review of evidence. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, Vol. 4, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2021.100138.  
  10. Buyana, K. 2022. Transgression in the energy infrastructure landscapes of cities. Landscape Research, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2022.2039108  
  11. Buyana, K., Byarugaba, D., Sseviiri, H., Nsangi, G. and Kasaija, P. 2019. Experimentation in an African neighborhood: reflections for transitions to sustainable energy in cities. Urban Forum, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 191–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-018-9358-z 
  12. Buyana, K., Lwasa, S. and Kasaija, P. 2019. Gender ideologies and climate risk: how is the connection linked to sustainability in an African city? International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 16–30. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJSESD.2019010102 
  13. Buyana, K., Lwasa, S., Tugume, D., Mukwaya, P., Walubwa, J., Owuor, S., Kasaija, P., Sseviiri, H., Nsangi, G. and Byarugaba, D. 2020. Pathways for resilience to climate change in African cities. Environmental Research Letters, Vol. 15, No. 7. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7951 
  14. Buyana, K., Walubwa, J., Mukwaya, P. et al. 2021. City residents, scientists and policy-makers: power in co-producing knowledge. Urban Transformations, Vol. 3, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42854-021-00020-6  
  15. Buyana, K., Walubwa, J.J.A., Mukwaya, P., Sseviiri, H., Byarugaba, D. and Nakyagaba, G.N. 2022. Global norms, African contexts: a framework for localizing SDGs in cities. Croese, S., Parnell, S. (eds), Localizing the SDGs in African Cities. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95979-1_3  
  16. Campbell, C. A., Bartington, S. E., Woolley, K. E., Pope, F. D., Thomas, G. N., Singh, A., Avis, W. R., Tumwizere, P. R., Uwanyirigira, C., Abimana, P. and Kabera, T. 2021. Investigating cooking activity patterns and perceptions of air quality interventions among women in urban Rwanda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, No. 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115984 
  17. Croese, S., Dominique, M. and Raimundo, I. M. 2021. Co-producing urban knowledge in Angola and Mozambique: towards meeting SDG 11. npj Urban Sustainability,Vol. 1, No. 8. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42949-020-00006-6 
  18. Ebikeme, C., Gatzweiler, F., Oni, T., Liu, J., Oyuela, A. and Siri, J. 2019. Xiamen Call for Action: building the brain of the city – universal principles of urban health. Journal of Urban Health, Vol. 96, No. 4, pp. 507–09. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-018-00342-0 
  19. Elias, P. and de Albuquerque, J. P. 2022. Data and the localization of Sustainable Development Goals in Africa: the case of SDG 11 in Lagos and Accra. Croese, S., Parnell, S. (eds), Localizing the SDGs in African Cities. Sustainable Development Goals Series. Cham, Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95979-1_8 
  20. Elias, P, Shonowo, A, de Sherbinin, A, Hultquist, C, Danielsen, F, Cooper, C, Mondardini, M, Faustman, E, Browser, A, Minster, J-BM, van Deventer, M and Popescu, I. 2023. Mapping the Landscape of Citizen Science in Africa: Assessing its Potential Contributions to Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 11 on Access to Clean Water and Sanitation and Sustainable Cities. Citizen Science: Theory and Practice, 8(1): 33, pp. 1–13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/cstp.601
  21. Gatzweiler, F., Fu, B., Rozenblat, C., Su, H-J. J., Luginaah, I., Corburn, J., Boufford, J. I., Valdes, J. V., Nguendo-Yongsi, B., Howden-Chapman, P., Singh, R. B., Cooper, R., Oni, T. and Zhu, Y-G. 2020. COVID19 reveals the systemic nature of urban health globally. Cities & Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1763761 
  22. Kabera, T., Bartington, S., Uwanyirigira, C., Abimana, P. and Pope, F. 2020. Indoor PM2.5 characteristics and CO concentration in households using biomass fuel in Kigali, Rwanda. International Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 77, No. 6, pp. 998–1011. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207233.2020.1732067 
  23. Kareem, B., McClure, A., Walubwa, J., Koranteng, K., Mukwaya, P. I. and Taylor, A. 2022. Power dynamics in transdisciplinary research for sustainable urban transitions. Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 131, pp. 135–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2022.02.001  
  24. Kovacic, Z., Musango, J. K., Ambole, L. A., Buyana, K., Smit, S., Anditi, C., Mwau, B., Ogot, M., Lwasa, S., Brent, A. C., Nsangi, G. and Sseviiri, H. 2019. Interrogating differences: a comparative analysis of Africa’s informal settlements. World Development, Vol. 122, pp. 614–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2019.06.026 
  25. Kouamé, P. K., Fokou, G., Koffi, A. J. D., Sani, A., Bonfoh, B. and Dongo, K. 2022. Assessing institutional stakeholders’ perception and limitations on coping strategies in flooding risk management in West Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 19, No. 11, 6933. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116933    
  26. Kushitor, S. B., Alimohammadi, S. and Currie, P. 2022. Narrative explorations of the role of the informal food sector in food flows and sustainable transitions during the COVID-19 lockdown. PLOS Sustainability and Transformation, Vol. 1, No. 12, e0000038. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pstr.0000038 
  27. Kushitor, S. B., Badu, M., Kushitor, M. K. and Currie, P. 2022. Access to market infrastructure and its effect on food handling and food safety among vegetable traders in an African city. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2022.724190     
  28. Langa, Z.V., Kushitor, S.B., Koen, N. and Harper, J. 2022. Exploring the development of change agents for sustainability: outcomes of the Listen, Live and Learn initiative at Stellenbosch University. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, Vol. 23 No. 8, pp. 309–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSHE-01-2022-0029  
  29. Mejía-Dugand, S., Croese, S. and Reddy, S. A. 2020. SDG implementation at the local level: lessons from responses to the coronavirus crisis in three cities in the Global South. Frontiers in Sustainable Cities, Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsc.2020.598516    
  30. Morgner, C., Ambole, A., Anditi, C. et al. 2020. Exploring the dynamics of social networks in urban informal settlements: the case of Mathare Valley, Kenya. Urban Forum, Vol. 31, pp. 489–512. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-020-09389-2 
  31. Mutumbi, U., Thondhlana, G. and Ruwanza, S. 2021. Reported behavioural patterns of electricity use among low-income households in Makhanda, South Africa. Sustainability, Vol. 13, No. 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137271 
  32. Mutumbi, U., Thondhlana, G. and Ruwanza, S. 2022. Co-designed interventions yield significant electricity savings among low-income households in Makhanda South Africa. Energies, Vol. 15, 2320. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15072320 
  33. Mutumbi, U., Thondhlana, G. and Ruwanza, S. 2022. The status of household electricity use behaviour research in South Africa between 2000 and 2022. Energies, Vol. 15, 9018. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15239018  
  34. Muzenda, T., Dambisya, PM., Kamkuemah, M., Gausi, B., Battersby, J. and Oni, T. 2022. Mapping food and physical activity environments in low- and middle-income countries: a systematised review. Health Place, Vol. 75, 102809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102809   
  35. Mwandila, G., Mwanza, M., Sikhwivhilu, K., Siame, J., Mutanga, S. S. and Simposya, A. 2021. Modeling energy requirements for a biogas-supported decentralized water treatment systems for communities in Chambishi (Zambia) and Diepsloot (South Africa) townships. Renewable Energy Focus, Vol. 37, pp. 20–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ref.2021.02.003  
  36. Ndebele-Murisa, M. R., Mubaya, C. P., Pretorius, L., Mamombe, R., Iipinge, K., Nchito, W., Mfune, J. K., Siame, G. and Mwalukanga, B. 2020. City to city learning and knowledge exchange for climate resilience in southern Africa. PLoS ONE, Vol. 15, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0227915
  37. Nemadodzi L, Sikhwivhilu K, Jalama K, Moothi K, Bambo M, Mutanga S and Siame J (2023), Salient ingredients for direct water reclamation from treated municipal wastewater for potable reuse: Diepsloot Township case study. Front. Environ. Sci. 11:1143367. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2023.1143367
  38. Nguendo-Yongsi, B., Muzenda, T., Bertrand Djouda Feudjio, Y., Kenfack Momo, D.N and Oni, T. 2022. Intersectoral collaboration for healthier human settlements: perceptions and experiences from stakeholders in Douala, Cameroon. Cities & Health, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 602–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2022.2078071  
  39. O’Farrell, P., Anderson, P., Culwick, C., Currie, P., Kavonic, J., McClure, A., Ngenda, G., Sinnott, E., Sitas, N., Washbourne, C., Audouin, M., Blanchard, R., Egoh, B., Goodness, J., Kotzee, I., Sanya, T., Stafford, W. and Wong, G. 2019. Towards resilient African cities: shared challenges and opportunities towards the retention and maintenance of ecological infrastructure. Global Sustainability, Vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2019.16 
  40. Odume, O. N., Amaka-Otchere, A., Onyima, B., Aziz, F., Kushitor, S. and Thiam, S. 2021. Pathways, contextual and cross-scale dynamics of science-policy-society interactions in transdisciplinary research in African cities. Environmental Science & Policy, Vol. 125, pp. 116–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2021.08.014 
  41. Odume, O. N., Onyima, B. N., Nnadozie, C. F., Omovoh, G. O., Mmachaka, T., Omovoh, B. O., Uku, J. E., Akamagwuna, F. C. and Arimoro, F. O. 2022. Governance and institutional drivers of ecological degradation in urban river ecosystems: insights from case studies in African cities. Sustainability, Vol. 14, No. 21, 14147. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114147  
  42. Oni, T., Kockat, J., Martinez-Herrera, E., Palti, I., Johns, A. and Caiaffa, W. T. 2019. The healthcare community needs to champion healthy and sustainable urban living spaces. The BMJ Opinion. https://bit.ly/340kfmz  
  43. Oni, T., Mogo, E., Ahmed, A. and Davies, J. I. 2019. Breaking down the silos of universal health coverage: towards systems for the primary prevention of non-communicable diseases in Africa. BMJ Global Health. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001717   
  44. Opiyo, R., Osano, P., Mbandi, A., Apondo, W. and Muhoza, C. 2020. Using citizen science to assess cumulative risk from air and other pollution sources in informal settlements. Clean Air Journal, Vol. 30, No. 1. https://doi.org/10.17159/caj/2020/30/1.8374  
  45. Oulu, M., Darko, D., Osaliya, R., Aziz, F. and Wekesa, D. 2023. Governing the nexus: Water-energy-food nexus governance strategies in Ghana and Uganda. Environmental Development, 48(4): 100933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2023.100933
  46. Paulavets, K., Moore, S. and Denis, M. 2023. Advancing transdisciplinary research in the Global South. R. Lawrence (ed.), Handbook of Transdisciplinarity: Global Perspectives. Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802207835.00027
  47. Prins, F. X., Etale, A., Dziwornu, A. and Thatcher, A. 2022. Water scarcity and alternative water sources in South Africa: can information provision shift perceptions? Urban Water Journal. https://doi.org/10.1080/1573062X.2022.2026984  
  48. Sanfo, S., Neya, O., Da, S., Salack, S., Amikuzuno, J., Gandaa, B. Z., Hackman, K. O. and Ogunjobi, K. O. 2021. Waste recycling and repurposing to address SDG 11 in Burkina Faso: do multi-stakeholder platforms matter? Croese, S. et al. (eds), Realizing the SDGs in African Cities. Springer Nature. 
  49. Schneider, F., Patel, Z., Paulavets, K. et al. Fostering transdisciplinary research for sustainability in the Global South: Pathways to impact for funding programmes. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10, 620 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02138-3
  50. Sesan, T., Sanfo, S., Sikhwivhilu, K., Dakyaga, F., Aziz, F., Yirenya-Tawiah, D., Badu, M., Derbile, E., Ojoyi, M., Ibrahim, B. and Adamou, R. 2021. Mediating knowledge co-production for inclusive governance and delivery of food, water and energy services in African cities. Urban Forum. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12132-021-09440-w 
  51. Sesan, T. and Siyanbola, W. 2021. “These are the realities”: insights from facilitating researcher-policymaker engagement in Nigeria’s household energy sector. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, Vol. 8, No. 73. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-021-00754-5 
  52. Shackleton, E., Taylor, A., Gammage, L., Gillson, L., Sitas, N., Methner, N., Barmand, S., Thorn, J., McClure, A., Cobban, L., Jarre, A., and Odume, O.N. 2023. Fostering transdisciplinary research for equitable and sustainable development pathways across Africa: what changes are needed?, Ecosystems and People, Vol. 19. No. 1, 2164798, DOI: 10.1080/26395916.2022.2164798  
  53. Sherbinin, A., Bowser, A., Chuang, T., Cooper, C., Danielsen, F., Edmunds, R., Elias, P., Faustman, E., Hultquist, C., Mondardini, R., Popescu, I., Shonowo, A. and Sivakumar, K. 2021. The critical importance of citizen science data. Frontiers in Climate. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2021.650760    
  54. Sikhwivhilu, K., Mutanga, S. and Siame, J. 2020. Understanding the ‘water-energy-health’ nexus in urban contexts in Africa: towards biogas-supported decentralized water treatment system for communities in Diepsloot (South Africa) and Chambishi (Zambia) townships. Pretoria, Africa Institute of South Africa. ISBN: 978-0-7983-0480-1 
  55. Sikosana, M. L., Sikhwivhilu, K., Moutloali, R. and Madyira, D. M. 2019. Municipal wastewater treatment technologies: a review. Procedia Manufacturing, Vol. 35, pp. 1018–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2019.06.051  
  56. Simiyu, S., Antwi-Agyei, P., Adjei, K. and Kweyu, R. 2021. Developing and testing strategies for improving cleanliness of shared sanitation in low-income settlements of Kisumu, Kenya. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 105, No. 6, pp. 1816–25. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-1634  
  57. Simiyu, S. N., Kweyu, R. M., Antwi-Agyei, P. and Adjei, K. A. 2020. Barriers and opportunities for cleanliness of shared sanitation facilities in low-income settlements in Kenya. BMC Public Health, Vol. 20, pp. 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09768-1 
  58. Thiam, S., Aziz, F., Kushitor, S. B., Amaka-Otchere, A. B. K., Onyima, B. N. and Odume, O. N. 2021. Analyzing the contributions of transdisciplinary research to the global sustainability agenda in African cities. Sustainability Science, Vol. 16, pp. 1923–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-021-01042-6 
  59. Thondhlana, G., Amaka-Otchere, A. B. K.,  Ruwanza, S. 2023. Encouraging household energy conservation through transdisciplinary approaches in Ghana and South Africa: assumptions, challenges and guidelines, International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, 15:1, 201-214, DOI:10.1080/19463138.2023.2223531
  60. Thondhlana, G., Mubaya, C. P., McClure, A., Amaka-Otchere, A.B.K. and Ruwanza, S. 2021. Facilitating urban sustainability through transdisciplinary (TD) research: lessons from Ghana, South Africa, and Zimbabwe. Sustainability, Vol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116205  
  61. Tidwell, J., Chipungu, J., Ross, I., Antwi-Agyei, P., Alam, M. U., Tumwebaze, I. K., Norma G., Cumming, O. and Simiyu, S. 2020. Where shared sanitation is the only immediate option: a research agenda for shared sanitation in densely populated low-income urban settings. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 429–32. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.20-0985 
  62. Tshililo, P. T., Mutanga, S., Sikhwivhilu, K., Siame, J., Hongoro, C., Managa, L. R., Mbohwa, C. and Madyira, D. M. 2022. Analysis of the determinants of household’s water access and payments among the urban poor. A case study of Diepsloot Township. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C, Vol. 127, 103183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pce.2022.103183  
  63. Vearey, J., Luginaah, I., Magitta, N. F., Shilla, D. J. and Oni, T. 2019. Urban health in Africa: a critical global health priority. BMC Public Health, Vol. 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6674-8  
  64. Visagie, J. and Turok, I. 2020. Getting urban density to work in informal settlements in Africa. Environment and Urbanization, Vol. 13, No. 2. http://doi.org/10.1177/0956247820907808 
  65. Visagie, J., Turok, I. and Misselhorn, M. 2020. Upgrading dense informal settlements by building upwards: lessons from an informal settlement in Durban, South Africa. HSRC Policy Brief Series. May 2020. https://repository.hsrc.ac.za/handle/20.500.11910/15420  
  66. Vodounon, H., Azalou-Tingbé, E., Houedakor, K., Amoussou, E., Nantob, M., Adoho, G. and Odoulami, L. 2021. Alternative sanitation and strategic directives for the well water security in Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo). Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 13, pp. 675–98. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2021.139036 
  67. Vodounon, H. S. T., Houedakor, K. Z., Amoussou, E. and Dossou-Yovo, A. C. 2021. Effects of urban metabolism on the well water quality in Cotonou (Benin) and Lomé (Togo). Journal of Water Resource and Protection, Vol. 13, pp. 539–62. https://doi.org/10.4236/jwarp.2021.138030 
  68. Wantim, M. N., Fon Peter, N., Eyong, N. J., Zisuh, A. F., Yannah, M., Lyonga, M. R., Yenshu, E. V. and Ayonghe, S. N. 2022. Flood Hazard and Its Associated Health Impacts in Limbe Health District, Cameroon. African Journal of Health Sciences. Vol. 35, No. 4 (2022)  
  69. Weimann, A., Kabane, N., Jooste, T., Hawkridge, A., Smit, W. and Oni, T. 2020. Health through human settlements: investigating policymakers’ perceptions of human settlement action for population health improvement in urban South Africa. Habitat International, Vol. 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2020.102203 
  70. Weimann, A., Nguendo-Yongsi, B., Foka, C., Waffo, U., Carbajal, P., Sietchiping, R. and Oni, T. 2020. Developing a participatory approach to building a coalition of transdisciplinary actors for healthy urban planning in African cities – a case study of Douala, Cameroon. Cities & Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1741966 
  71. Weimann, A. and Oni, T. 2019. A systematised review of the health impact of urban informal settlements and implications for upgrading interventions in South Africa, a rapidly urbanising middle-income country. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 16, No. 19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16193608 
  72. Woolley, K.E., Bagambe, T., Singh, A., Avis, W.R., Kabera, T., Weldetinsae, A., Mariga, S.T., Kirenga, B., Pope, F.D., Thomas, G.N. and Bartington, S.E. 2020. Investigating the association between wood and charcoal domestic cooking, respiratory symptoms and acute respiratory infections among children aged under 5 years in Uganda: a cross-sectional analysis of the 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 17, No. 11, 3974. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113974  
  73. Woolley, K., Bartington, S. E., Pope, F. D., Price, M. J., Thomas, G. N. and Kabera, T. 2020. Biomass cooking carbon monoxide levels in commercial canteens in Kigali, Rwanda. Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, Vol. 76, No. 2, pp. 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/19338244.2020.1761279 
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